Michigan Copper in the Mediterranean (cont.)
By Jay Stuart Wakefield, MES & AAPF

References

• 1. Drier, R.W., Du Temple, O.J., Prehistoric Mining in the Lake Superior region, A Collection of Reference Articles, reprinted privately January 2005, #367
• 2. Davies, W.V., Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum, VII, Tools and Weapons, Axes, British Museum Publications, London, 1987 (ISBN 0 7141 0934 7)
• 3. Bailey, J., Sailing to Paradise, The Discovery of the Americas by 7000 BC, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1994, (ISBN 0-684-81297-5)
• 4. Rydholm, C.F., Michigan Copper, The Untold Story, A History of Rediscovery, Winter Cabin Books, Marquette, 2006 (ISBN 0-9744679-2-8)
• 5. “Michigan’s Copper Country, The History of Copper Mining in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, featuring cooperating sites of the Kaweenaw National Historical Park”, The History Channel, DVD, www.keweenawvideo.com
• 6. TerHaar, C., “Isle Royale Impressions, Video DVD of the Wildlife, Moods, and Scenery of Isle Royale National Park, set to Music”, Mackinac Scenics, 803 Islington Rd., Cedarville, Mi 49719, 2004
• 7. Jewell, R.J., Ancient Mines of Kitchi-Gumi, Cypriot/Minoan Traders in North America, Jewell Histories, Fairfield Pa., 2^nd Ed, 2004 (ISBN 0-9678413-3-X)
• 8. Scott, D.A., and Meyers, P., Archeometry of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1994, (ISBN 0-89236-249-9)
• 9. O’Brien, W., Bronze Age Copper Mining in Britain and Ireland, Shire Publications Ltd., Buckinghamshire, 1996 (ISBN 07478 0321 8)
• 10. Scheel, B., Egyptian Metalworking and Tools, Shire Publications Ltd., Aylesbury, 1989 (ISBN 0 7478 0001 4)
• 11. Martin, S.R., Wonderful Power, The Story of Ancient Copper Working in the Lake Superior Basin, Wayne State Univ. Press, Detroit, 1999 (ISBN 0-8143-2843-1)
• 12. Trevelyan, A.M., Miskwabik, Metal of Ritual, Metallurgy in Precontact Eastern North America, U. Press of Kentucky, Louisville, 2004 (ISBN 0-8131-2272-4)
• 13. Childress, D.H., Lost Cities of Atlantis, Ancient Europe & the Mediterranean, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, Ill., 1996 (ISBN 0-932813-25-9)
• 14. Taylour, L.W., The Mycenaeans, Thames & Hudson, 1964 and 1983, New York (ISBN 0-500-27586-6)
• 15. Milner, G.R., The Moundbuilders, Ancient Peoples of Eastern North America, Thames and Hudson, London, 2004, (ISBN 0-500-28468-7)
• 16. Burgess, C., The Age of Stonehenge, Castle Books, Edison, N.J.,1980-2003 (ISBN 0-7858-1593-7)
• 17. De Jonge, R.M., and Wakefield, J.S., How the SunGod Reached America c.2500 BC, A Guide to Megalithic Sites, MCS., Kirkland, Wa. 2002 (ISBN 0-917054-19-9)
• 18. Whittlesey, C., Ancient Mining on the Shores of Lake Superior, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1862, reprinted 2007 Gustavs Library, Davenport Iowa, no ISBN
• 19. Henderson, J., The Science and Archaeology of Materials, An Investigation of Inorganic Materials, Routledge, New York, 2000, (ISBN 0-415-19934-4)
• 20. Halsey, J.R., Miskwabik – Red Metal, The Roles Played by Michigan’s Copper in Prehistoric North America, Michigan Dept of State, no date, publisher, or ISBN
• 21. Dickinson, O., The Aegean Bronze Age, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1994 (ISBN 0-521-456649)
• 22. Schertz, J.P., Old Water Levels and Waterways During the Ancient Copper Mining Era (about 3000 BC to 1000 BC), 1999, no ISBN
• 23. Gale, N.H., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, Papers Presented at the Conference held at Rewley House, Oxford, 1989, /Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Vol.XC, Paul Astroms Forlag, 1991, no ISBN, Weiner, M.H., “The Nature and Control of Minoan Foreign Trade”
• 24. Isle Royale National Park, National Geographic Trails Illustrated Map, www.nationalgeographic.com/maps
• 25. Griffin, J.B., Lake Superior Copper and the Indians: Miscellaneous Studies of Great Lakes Prehistory, Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan No.17, Ann Arbor, 1961
• 26. Rothenburg B., Tylecote, R.F., Boydell, P.J., Chalcolithic Copper Smelting, Excavations and Experiments, Archaeo-Metallurgy/ Number One, Institute for Archaeo-Metallurgical Studies, London, 1978,(ISBN 0 906183 00 6)
• 27. Huber, N.K., The Geologic Story of Isle Royale National Park, Formerly U.S. Geologic Survey Bulletin 1309, 1983-1996, Isle Royale Natural History Association, Houghton, Mi (ISBN 0 932212-89-1)
• 28. Barber, M., Bronze and the Bronze Age, Metalworking and Society in Britain c.2500-800 BC, Tempus, Gloustershire, 2003 (ISBN 0-7524 2507 2)
• 29. Moore, C.N., Bronze Age Metalwork in Salisbury Museum, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Occasional Publication, 1972, no ISBN
• 30. Gore, R., “Men of the Sea, A Lost History, Who were the Phoenicians?, National Geographic, October 2004, nationalgeographic.com/magazine
• 31. Wood, D.J., “Bronze Age Michigan” a final of 3 parts, Ancient American, Vol.8, no.51, pg.21
• 32. Rydholm, F., “Old World Copper Miners of Ancient Michigan”, The Barnes Review, July/Aug, 2002 Vol.VIII, No.4, pg.37
• 33. “Missing Link Discovered”, Ancient American, Issue #12, pg.14
• 34. Carter, G.F., and Razi, H., “Chemical Composition of Copper-Based Coins of the Roman Republic, 217-31 BC”, American Chemical Soc, Advances in Chemistry Series 220, Archaeological Chemistry IV, 1989, pg. 213
• 35. Gale, N.H., and Stos-Gale, Z.A., “Bronze Age Archaeometallurgy of the Mediterranean: The Impact of Lead Isotope Studies”, American Chemical Society, advances in Chemistry Series 220, Archaeological Chemistry IV, 1989, pg.160
• 36. Great Lakes, National Geographic Society, 1987
• 37. Ozment,K., “Journey to the Copper Age”, National Geographic, Vol. 195, No.4., April 1999 pg.70
• 38. Marquis, A.L., “Fighting Gravity, Saving What Remains of Michigan’s 19^th Century Copper Industry”, National Parks, winter 2009, pg. 14
• 39. Carter, L.D., and Cheesman, P.R., “Michigan’s Mound Builders, Historical Background of the Soper-Savage Collection of Inscriptions and Photographs”, Ancient American, Issue #53, pg.2
• 40. Avery, R., Copper Country –God’s Country, Avery Color Studios, 1973, no ISBN
• 41. Pleger, T.C., “The Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes”, 2000, www.fox.uwc.edu/depts/tpleger/oldcopper.html
• 42. Viegas, J., “Ancient Metalworking Recreated”, April 2005, www.disc.discovery.com/news/briefs/2005050425/metalworking.html
• 43. Wagner, H., “Wiconsin’s Ancient Copper Miners”, From Wisconsin Outdoor Journal, Ancient American, No. 75
• 44. Stos-Gale, Z.A., Maliotis,G., Gale, N.H., and Annetts, N., “Lead Isotope Characteristics of the Cyprus Copper Ore Deposits Applied to Provenance Studies of Copper Oxhide Ingots”, Archaeometry, Vol.39, Issue 1 Feb 1997, Pg.83-123
• 45. Ackley, J., Strauss Center for Conservation, Harvard Univ. Art Museums, personal email re: Knapp, S., “Mystery in Bronze”, Dartmouth Life, Pg.4, April 2003
• 46. Freeman, A.M., “Copper Artifacts: Correlation with Source Types of Copper Ores”, Science, Vol. 152, 1996, pg 1504
• 47. Hancock, R.G.V., Pavlish, L.A., Salloum, R.M., Fox, W.A., Wilson, G.C., “Distinguishing European Trade Copper and North-Eastern North American Native Copper”, Archaeometry 33, 1991 69-86
• 48. Fitzgerald, W.R., Ramsden, P.G., “Copper Based Metal Testing as an Aid to Understanding Early European- Amerindian Interaction: Scratching the Surface”, Canadian Journal of Archaeology, Vol.12, 1988
• 49. Martin, S.R., “The State of Our Knowledge about Ancient Copper Mining in Michigan”, The Michigan Archaeologist, 31 (2-3):119-138
• 50. Guerra, M.F., “Analysis of Archaeological Metals. The Place of XRF and PIXE in the Determination of Technology and Provenance”, X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol.27, 73-80, 1998
• 51. Budd, P., “Seeking the Origins of Bronze Tools”, British Archaeology, No.36, July, 1998: Features
• 52. “Uluburun Shipwreck”, http://uluburun-shipwreck.area51.ipupdater.com/
• 53. Rapp, G. Jr., Allert, J., Hendrickson, E., “Trace Element Discrimination of Discrete Sources of Native Copper”, American Chemical Society, 14, pg.270-293, 1984
• 54. Hauptmann, A., Maddin, R., Prange, M., “On the structure and Composition of Copper and Tin Ingots Excavated from the Shipwreck of Uluburun”, American Schools of Oriental Research, Bulletin No.328, pgs.1-30, Nov.2002
• 55. Budd, P., Pollard, A.M., Scaife, B., Thomas, R.G., “Oxhide Ingots, Recycling and the Mediterranean Metals Trade”, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, Vol.8, Issue 1, 1995 pgs.1-32, ISSN: 0952-7648
• 56. Stos-Gale, Z.A., Gale, N.H., Bass, G., Pulak, C., Galili, E., Sharvit, J., “The Copper and Tin Ingots of the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean: New Scientific Evidence”, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys (BUMA-IV), The Japan Institute of Metals – Aoba, Japan, 1998, pp. 115-126.
• 57. Salter, C.J., Northover, J.P., Jones, S., “Study of possible Bronze Age copper smelting debris from the Great Orme, Gwynedd, Wales”, Gwynedd Archaeological Trust, Current Research Projects, Oxford Material Science- Based Archaeology Group Index (abstract)
• 58. Ixer, R.A., “The Role of Ore Geology and Ores in the Archaeological Provenancing of Metals”, http://www.rosiehardman.com/harvard.htm
• 59. Joel, E.C., Sayre, E., Vocke, R., “Statistical Evaluation of the Lead Isotope Data on Geological Ore Samples from Western and Central Europe”, Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, SCMRE Research Report FY 1993: Historical Archaeology, http://www.si.edu/scmre/about/93histarch.htm
• 60. Srinivasan, S., “The Use of Tin and Bronze in Prehistoric Southern Indian Metallurgy”, JOM, July, 1998
• 61. Ancient Cyprus Web Project, Bibliographies: Metallurgy 1990s, http://www.ancientcyprus.ac.uk/bibliographies/metal90.asp
• 62. Cherry, J.F., “Economy & Trade in the Later Bronze Age Aegean and East Mediterranean, Graduate Seminar, http://proteus.brown.edu/bronzeageeconomy/Home
• 63. Goodway, M., “Metals in Antiquity”, Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education, http://www.socarchsci.org/bulletin/9809/9809q.htm
• 64. Arch-Metals Archaeo-Metallurgical Bibliography, http://usersox.ac.uk/~salter/arch-metals/met-bib-ak.htm
• 65. Bass, G.F., and Pulak ,C., “Bronze Age Shipwreck Excavation at Uluburun”, http://ina.tamu.edu/ub_main.htm
• 66. Budd, P., “Seeking the origins of bronze tools”, British Archaeology, No.36, July 1998 Features
• 67. Viegas, J., “Ancient Metalworking Recreated, Ancient Metalworkers Burned Out of History”, Discovery News, http://dsc.discovery,.com/news/briefs/20050425/metalworking.html
• 68. Friedman, A.M., Conway, M., Kastner, M., Milsted, J., Metta, D., Fields, P.R., Olsen, E., “Copper Artifacts: Correlation with source Types of Copper Ores”, Science, Vol 152, 10 June 1966, pg 1504-06.
• 69. Cornell, M.F., Prehistoric Relics of the Mound Builders, Battle Creek, Michigan, 1892
• 70. Rapp, G., Copper Project Database, Archaeometry Laboratory, 214 RLB, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55812
• 71. Halpern, Z., personal email 10/16/2007
• 72. Glascock, M.D., Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, Mo. 65211, GlasscockM@missouri.edu
• 73. Analytical Chemistry, Tukwila, Wa. 206-622-8353, www.ancheminc.com
• 74. http://www.museum.mtu.edu , www.mg.mtu.edu/district4.gif , www.mg.mtu.edu/hist.htm
• 75. Roach, J., “Bronze Age Factory Discovered in Jordan”, National Geographic News 6/25/2002, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0620_020625_metalfactory.html
• 76. May, W., “Missing Link Discovered”, Ancient American, Issue #12, pg.14
• 77. Childress, D.H., Lost Cities of North and Central America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Illinois, 1992, (ISBN 0- 932813-09-7)
• 78. Herrmann, P., Conquest by Man, Harper & Brthers., N.Y., 1954
• 79. Wilkins, H., Secret Cities of South America, 1952, Adventures Unlimited Press, Kempton, Ill, p.291-292.
• 80. Farnoux, A., Knossos, Abrams Inc., (ISBN 0-8109-2819-1)